适宜机插的优质籼稻品种筛选及其评价指标体系

为了筛选适宜贵州稻区机插的优质籼稻品种，建立适宜机插优质籼稻品种的评价关键指标体系，以近年选育的34个优质籼稻品种为试验材料，在贵州省遵义市湄潭县进行机插试验，对各品种的秧苗素质以及机插条件下水稻分蘖生长、干物质积累、抗倒伏性、产量及其构成因素进行研究。结果表明，机插条件下34个优质籼稻的产量变幅为6.1~10.5 t·hm-2，结合两步聚类算法，以产量为依据将参试品种划分为适宜机插和不适宜机插两类。适宜机插优质籼稻类型主要表现为产量均高于8.25 t·hm-2，其成苗率高、秧苗均匀性好、幼苗健壮；分蘖早生快发，易形成充足的有效穗数；植株能获得较高的花前和花后干物质积累量，并重新分配到籽粒；茎秆粗壮，基部3个节间平均抗折力强，倒伏指数小。综合来看，F优498、晶两优534和蓉18优2348等15个优质籼稻品种适宜贵州地区机插，且适宜机插优质籼稻关键评价指标为：成苗率>85%，秧苗均匀性>1.5苗·cm-2；倒伏指数<150%，基部3个节间平均抗折力>1 500 g；产量>8.25 t·hm-2，有效穗数225×104～300×104 hm-2，每穗粒数>140粒，结实率>75%，成熟期干物质积累量>15 t·hm-2，收获指数>0.45。研究为机插专用优质籼稻品种选育及应用提供理论依据。     

深厚覆盖层上混凝土防渗墙服役性能分析

【目的】研究混凝土面板砂砾石坝防渗墙的应力变形及实际防渗效果,为高寒地区深厚覆盖层类似工程的设计与施工提供依据。【方法】以青海省纳子峡混凝土面板砂砾石坝为研究对象,在防渗墙施工及运行初期(2012-05-2018-01)对其进行应力监测、变形监测、渗流监测,对所得监测数据进行统计分析,进而评价防渗墙的实际工作状态。【结果】纳子峡混凝土面板砂砾石坝防渗墙各测点应力及变形表现稳定,在施工期防渗墙钢筋的应力变化因受地面施工等因素影响主要承受拉应力,且向上游侧倾斜;在水库运行期间(2014-09-2018-01),墙体受到来自上游的水压力,主要承受压应力,且向下游侧倾斜;布置在墙体上游侧的渗压计渗透压力远大于下游侧各测点,表明防渗墙防渗效果良好,渗透压力受测孔孔内水位影响,且随库水位表现出一定的周期性变化规律,库水位每抬升(或下降)1 m,墙体下游侧各测点渗透压力增加(或减小)约0.6 kPa。【结论】纳子峡大坝混凝土防渗墙在其施工及运行初期应力变形较为稳定,防渗效果良好,能为大坝的安全提供保障。     

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein up-regulates endothelin receptors in mouse mesenteric artery through p38 MAPK pathway

AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin （ET） type A (ET_A) and type B (ET_B) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET_A receptor, ET_B receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ET_A receptor and ET_B receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ET_A and ET_B receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway.     

Roles of protein phosphatase 4 in down-regulation of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid in human umbilical vein endotheli?al cells

AIMTo investigate the roles of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) in down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid (PA). METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA at 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200μmol/L for 36 h, or treated with PA at 100 μmol/L for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) family inhibitor fostriecin (FST, 20 nmol/L) or okadaic acid (OA, 5 nmol/L) was selected to pretreat the HUVECs for 30 min. Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4c) siRNA or protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) siRNA was transfected into the HUVECs. The protein expression levels of of eNOS, PP4c and PP2Ac, as well as the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, were detected by Western blot. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) content was measured by DAF-FM DA. RESULTS(1) Compared with control group, the levels of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation were decreased in PA groups in which the HUVECs were treated with 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L PA for 36 h (P<0.05) and 100 μmol/L PA for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h (P<0.05). No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (2) Compared with control group, both FST and OA pretreatment reversed the reduction of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation (P<0.05) and the decrease in intracellular NO content (P<0.05) induced by PA. No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (3) Compared with si-Control group, the PP4c protein expression was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation was significantly increased in si-PP4c group (P<0.05). Although the levels of PP2Ac protein expression declined significantly (P<0.05), the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation remained unchanged in si-PP2Ac group. No significant differencein the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was found. CONCLUSION PA significantly reduces the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation and the content of NO in the HUVECs, which may be due to PA inducing the activation of the PP2A family member PP4 rather than PP2A.     

‘越心’草莓组培突变体着色差异的分子机理初探

初步探讨了在‘越心’草莓（Fragaria × ananassa‘Yuexin’）茎尖离体培养再生植株中发现的稳定变异突变体着色差异的分子机理。分析结果显示，突变体与‘越心’在植株形态、始花期、始果期、始熟期、单果质量、平均株产、果形、风味等方面均无明显差异；而突变体外果皮色泽较淡，L*值较高，a*值较低，H色度角值较大，颜色指数CIRG显著小，且果肉不着色（‘越心’果肉红色）。突变体果实总花青苷含量为‘越心’的13.2%，其中以天竺葵素–3–O–葡萄糖苷（Pg3G）含量差异最大，突变体Pg3G含量仅为‘越心’的12.9%。花青苷合成途径结构基因FaF3H、FaCHS、FaDFR、FaANS、FaCHI、Fa3GT的表达水平在突变体中显著降低，这可能是突变体成熟果实花青苷水平显著低于‘越心’的直接原因。FaMYB10和FaMYB1在突变体中的表达水平显著下降，且FaMYB10在几个主成分中的特征向量绝对值均显著较高，进一步证实了MYB10是草莓成熟过程中花青苷合成的类黄酮或苯丙烷类化合物途径主要调节因子之一。提取叶片基因组DNA进行基于KASP标记的基因分型结果显示，74对KASP引物在‘越心’草莓及其突变体中的基因分型不存在差异。本结果初步证实突变导致参与调控花青苷合成途径的关键基因表达发生显著下调从而使花青苷积累显著减少，果实着色变淡。     

不同处理方法改善桉木渗透性研究

采用3种方法处理尾叶桉,对尾叶桉木材气体渗透性进行了测定,探讨不同处理方法对木材渗透性影响及其作用机理。结果表明:尾叶桉木材因含有侵填体/树胶、导管壁上筛状纹孔影响木材渗透性,木材纵向渗透性大于横向渗透性。经真空、苯-乙醇、尿素处理后,木材渗透性均得到改善;但真空、苯-乙醇处理改善效果不明显,渗透性比未处理材提高幅度均未超过10%;尿素处理可显著改善尾叶桉木材渗透性,渗透性提高了18.91%~41.41%。     

耐低氮糜子品种的筛选及农艺性状的综合评价

【目的】探明耐低氮糜子品种的评价方法,筛选耐低氮糜子基因型材料及鉴定指标,为耐低氮品种的选育和耐低氮生理机制的研究提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验,以来自国内外100份糜子品种为材料,在低氮胁迫（0纯氮）和正常施氮（150 kg·hm^-2纯氮）处理下,连续2年进行株高、茎粗、主茎节数、穗长、草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重、叶面积9个主要农艺性状和氮含量、氮素吸收共11个指标的测定,采用隶属函数法计算各指标耐低氮胁迫指数,通过主成分分析、回归分析与聚类分析评价各糜子品种的综合耐低氮能力。【结果】供试品种在不同氮水平条件下的株高、茎粗、主茎节数、穗长、草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、千粒重、叶面积、氮含量、氮素吸收均存在显著差异;低氮胁迫下,糜子的生长、生物量积累和氮素吸收受到抑制,各性状指标明显下降,变化范围幅度降低,各农艺指标降低幅度排序依次为叶面积>草重>单株粒重>单株穗重>茎粗>主茎节数>穗长>千粒重>株高,不同糜子品种籽粒的氮含量和氮素吸收均降低,降低幅度为氮素吸收>氮含量;低氮胁迫下,不同糜子品种的株高、茎粗、主茎节数、穗长、草重、单株穗重、单株粒重的变异系数大于正常施氮水平各指标的变异系数;不同氮水平下,不同糜子籽粒氮素吸收的变异系数高于氮含量的变异系数,且低氮胁迫的氮素吸收的变异系数高于正常施氮处理。对11个指标的耐低氮胁迫指数进行主成分分析,选择了5个主成分,累积方差贡献率达75.83%;株高、穗长、草重、单株穗重、单株粒重、单株叶面积、氮吸收量的耐低氮胁迫指数与耐低氮综合评价值（D）的相关性均达极显著水平,其中,单株穗重、单株粒重、氮吸收量的相关性较高,其相关系数分别为0.858、0.812和0.812;根据耐低氮综合评价D值,通过聚类分析将100份糜子品种划分为耐低氮型、中间型和不耐低氮型3种类型。【结论】单株穗重、草重、氮吸收量等指标作为糜子耐低氮能力评价的首选指标;榆糜3号、2058、榆黍1号、雁黍7号4个品种耐低氮能力最强。     

基于多载荷无人机遥感的大豆地上鲜生物量反演

以多载荷无人机获取数据和地面实测的数据为基础,将大豆生殖生长期分段建模,采用植被指数和光谱参数相结合再加上农学参数株高,通过最小二乘法建立多元线性回规模型的方法,来估算大豆开花期和结荚期的鲜生物量,采用高光谱植被指数法估算大豆鼓粒期和成熟期的鲜生物量。结果表明:在大豆开花期和结荚期内,采用混合法构建生物量反演模型利用交叉验证法,验证结果的R~2和RMSE分别为0.714和0.393;在大豆鼓粒期和成熟期内,采用高光谱植被指数法构建生物量反演模型,利用交叉验证法,验证结果的R~2和RMSE分别为0.697和0.386;大豆开花结荚期构建的模型和鼓粒成熟期构建的模型都有比较高的精度和可靠性,利用这两种模型完成了高光谱影像鲜生物量的遥感空间制图,能反映当地当时大豆的真实长势情况。     

大豆PAL2-3基因的克隆及转化研究

大豆异黄酮是苯丙氨酸代谢途径中合成的一类次级代谢产物,在苯丙氨酸代谢途径中,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是关键酶和限速酶。本课题组前期研究发现PAL基因的相对表达量与大豆异黄酮含量具有明显的协同增减趋势,并且在PAL基因家族成员时空表达模式分析中发现,PAL2-3(XM_003542493)是PAL基因家族中相对表达量较高的主要表达成员之一。本试验首先通过克隆大豆中PAL2-3基因;然后构建pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3植物过表达载体,将构建好的pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3表达载体重组质粒转化到根癌农杆菌EHA105中;采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化体系获得转化植株,并对T1代转化植株进行PPT检测,外源标记基因Bar检测以及荧光定量PCR检测,对转基因阳性植株进行大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的测定。结果表明T_1代转基因植株中PAL2-3基因的表达量是对照的5.11~11.24倍,总异黄酮含量最高的(2 587.63μg·g~(-1))是对照(1 616.90μg·g~(-1))的1.6倍。因此在大豆中过量表达PAL2-3基因可以提高大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量。